If it comes into contact with our skin or eyes, it can cause severe chemical burns that are very painful and slow to heal. A colourless liquid, hydrofluoric acid is highly corrosive – it can dissolve glass! – and is extremely toxic. Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. If a lithium-ion battery combusts, it will produce hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen fluoride gas, an acute poison that can permanently damage our lungs and eyes. When working with EHVs, there is also the risk that lithium-ion batteries could explode if they are degraded, misused or their internal temperature rises to over 75☌. If the electrolyte inside them does leak and comes into contact with moisture in the air or water, a chemical reaction happens and hydrofluoric acid is produced.Įlectrolyte leakage isn’t just the only potential hazard posed by lithium-ion batteries. Since the electrolyte is a liquid, there is always the possibility that it could leak from inside the battery – we’ve all seen standard AA batteries that have leaked leaving white potassium hydroxide crystals on their outer casing, right? Well, that’s the danger with lithium-ion batteries. When these two electrodes are immersed in a liquid electrolyte (usually a solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate salts in a mixture of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate or tetrahydrofurane) a reaction occurs and the battery releases energy in the form of electricity. The negative electrode is often made of graphite and the positive electrode of cobalt dioxide or manganese dioxide. ![]() Lithium-ion batteries work by delivering a chemically reversible lithium ion exchange reaction between two electrodes. ![]() To understand the hazards that lithium-ion batteries present, we must first understand what they’re made of and how they actually function. They also pose a potentially lethal chemical hazard to anyone working on or near EHVs. These batteries offer high energy density in comparison to the relative weight, they can store several hours of electricity and they can be quickly and easily recharged. Ever wondered what types of batteries are used to power electric and hybrid vehicles (EHVs)? Well, the majority of EHVs being driven on our roads today will use lithium-ion (Li-ion) or lithium polymer batteries.
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